Skier units appeared in the Red army in 1939 during the Winter war. These units were composed of students of institute of physical education and sportsmen who were well prepared physically and trained for combat. Usually, skier units were fighting in the enemy's rear, destroying important objects and acquiring information. Also, maneuverable  skier units were used to out flank German troops during offensive operations. Skiers were equipped with white camouflage clocks as well as other special equipment.

More than 30 special skier battalions composed of finest sportsmen took part in the counter assault at Moscow in 1941-1942.